The usage of“le”
1. Put 了after the verb or adjective, indicate the completion of action:
a.Indicating the action is already completed:
大家都来了,我们开始上课吧。
他去中国学了两年汉语。
妹妹已经工作了。
这个问题我懂了。
我昨天买了一辆汽车
我们来得太晚了,电影已经开始了。
b.The action will be completed in the future:
飞机快起飞了。
(The plane will leave soon.)
*verbs: future tense, the first future action happens before the second future action:
我下了课就去吃饭。
他要是知道了这个消息,一定很高兴。
做完了作业,你就可以看电视。
c. Indicating the change of situation or state is already:
下雨了。
春天到了。
d. Indicating the change of situation or state will be completed:
天快黑了。
2.The new situation that would be happened in some conditions (Subjunctive)
你早来一天就见到他了。
(if you come 1day earlier, you would see him)
3. Suggestion: to do or not to do:
走了,走了,别等了。
好了,不要再说了!
4.In the Questions:
a. ……吗?/ ……没有?
(if you choose this format, you can still use “le” in the sentence)
他走了吗?
你昨天去看电影了没有?
b. 有没有…….
(if you choose this way, you can’t use “le”in the sentence)
他有没有走?他走了。(note: you still need “le” in the answer)
你昨天有没有看电影?没有。我没有看。(或者:我没看。)
V 没 V
他走没走?
你昨天看没看电影?
5. Negation (Don’t use “了” in the negation sentence.)
except: 1. “了”:duration of an action
except: 2 “了” in a suggestion: not to do something
A:你吃早饭了吗?
B:我吃了。我喝了两杯牛奶,还吃了一个面包。你呢?你吃早饭了没有?
A:我还没吃呢。今天早上起得太晚了。饿死我了。
B:不吃早饭很不好。你应该去吃点儿东西。
他昨天去锻炼了,可是我没有去。
6. 状态性谓语句和动态性谓语句中“了”的用法:
With “be” or without “be”:
a. all the verbs except “be”
他昨天吃了3 个苹果: (Yesterday he ate 3 apples.)
b. with the verb “be” – never use “了”
现在很热。Now it’s hot.
昨天很热。Yesterday it was hot.
他现在是老师。Now he is teacher.
他去年是老师。Last year, he was teacher.
他现在在看报纸。Now he is reading newspaper.
他昨天下午3 点在看报纸。Yesterday afternoon at 3pm he was reading the newspaper.
7. Where to put “了”?
Examples:
a. Put “了” after the verb or adjective or noun:
他去中国学了两年汉语。
我昨天买了一辆汽车
我下了课就去吃饭。
他要是知道了这个消息,一定很高兴。
做完了作业,你就可以看电视。
他昨天吃了3 个苹果。
b. Put “了” at the end of the sentence: = Put“了” afterverb/adj/noun
电影开始了。
现在房子便宜了。
下雨了。
春天到了。
他不爱我了。
天快黑了。
c. Repeat“了” after the v./adj./n. and at the end of the sentence: = a perfect tense
他去了中国,学了两年汉语。He went to China,and learned Chinese for 2 years..
他去了中国了。He has gone to China.
(In this case, you may also add “已经” before the verb) 他已经去了中国了。
他学了2 年汉语了。He has already learned Chinesefor 2 years.
我昨天买了一辆汽车。 I bought a car yesterday.
我昨天买了一辆汽车了。I’ve bought a car.
他要是知道了这个消息,一定很高兴。He would be happy when he knows this news.
他(已经)知道了这个消息了。He’s already know this news
他昨天吃了3 个苹果。He ate 3 apples.
他昨天(已经)吃了3 个苹果了。He’s already eaten 3 apples.
我们到了汉城。We arrived Seoul.
我们(已经)到了汉城了。We’ve already arrived in Seoul.
Two past actions:
我下了课就去吃饭。After class I’ll go to eat.
我下了课就去吃饭了。After the class, I went toeat.
做完了作业,你就可以看电视。You may watch TV afteryou finish the homework.
做完了作业,他就看电视了。After he had done the homework, he watched TV.
8. Duration of an action:
In this case (duration of an action), “了” or without “了” at the end of sentence: BOTH ARE CORRECT.
a. perfect tense
这本书我看了3 天了。I’ve read the book for 3 days.
这本书我看了一个星期。 I’ve read the book for a week.
我有20 天没见到你了。I havn’t seen you since 20 days.
我来美国已经两年多了。I’ve been in US for more than 2 years.
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